Researchers explored the connection between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and thyroid (a gland in the body that produces hormones regulating metabolism and growth) disorders and report a complex interplay of autoimmune processes between the two conditions. Thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism (where the gland doesn’t produce enough hormones) and hyperthyroidism (where the gland overproduces hormones), and SLE have a shared autoimmune foundation. Research indicates a significant association between SLE and thyroid disorders. Individuals living with SLE are more likely to develop thyroid problems compared to the general population.
Researchers identified more than 150 articles and studies focusing on common genetic, immunological mechanisms, and epidemiological factors that link SLE with autoimmune thyroid disease. Based on defined selection criteria, ultimately, seven studies were included for review. Researchers analyzed the seven studies and their analysis revealed several shared traits between both conditions, such as genetic overlap of variants, immune dysregulation, environmental triggers (infections, stress, medications), and cytokine imbalance. Researchers also report a distinction between SLE and thyroid disorders: thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) versus thyroid autoimmunity where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, such as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (typically leads to hypothyroidism) and Graves’ Disease (typically leads to hyperthyroidism).
The researchers recommend a multidisciplinary approach to SLE and Thyroid Disease treatment whereby rheumatologists, primary care providers, and endocrinologists work closely together to provide comprehensive care and improved outcomes for people living with both conditions. Given the heightened risk, routine screening and proactive management are crucial, especially for women and younger individuals with SLE. More research is needed to clearly define the causal relationships between the two conditions, and standardized guidelines for the screening and management of thyroid dysfunction need to be developed. Learn more about how thyroid disorders are related to lupus.
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