A new study has found a significant association between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a highly contagious virus primarily spread through saliva, and  systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), highlighting a possible link in the virus’ role in SLE pathogenesis. People who are likely to get lupus may be at increased risk when exposed to environmental triggers such as infection with EBV.
This meta-analysis investigated 28 published studies from sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and comprised of 3,926 heathy controls and 2,968 individuals with SLE. Researchers evaluated the prevalence of EBV infections across these populations. Results showed that while exposure to EBV is common in the general population cohort, nearly 89% of healthy participants tested positive for antibodies from past EBV infections. Certain antigens in EBV may misdirect the immune system to attack the body’s tissue, and people with SLE expressed higher rates of EBV DNA and antibody positivity, which can be prominent driver in the correlation.
This analysis shows that the EBV virus can play a significant role in triggering autoimmunity and the development of SLE. The researchers call for more studies to clarify the specific mechanisms and underlying reasoning behind EBV reactivation in people with lupus. Investigating therapeutic interventions targeting EBV, such as antiviral therapies, to potentially reduce the risk and progression of SLE is also needed. Learn more about what causes lupus.
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